HTTP Requests
- Introduction
- Interacting With The Request
- Input
- Files
- Configuring Trusted Proxies
- Configuring Trusted Hosts
Introduction
Laravel's Illuminate\Http\Request
class provides an object-oriented way to interact with the current HTTP request being handled by your application as well as retrieve the input, cookies, and files that were submitted with the request.
Interacting With The Request
Accessing the Request
To obtain an instance of the current HTTP request via dependency injection, you should type-hint the Illuminate\Http\Request
class on your route closure or controller method. The incoming request instance will automatically be injected by the Laravel service container:
<?php namespace App\Http\Controllers; use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;use Illuminate\Http\Request; class UserController extends Controller{ /** * Store a new user. */ public function store(Request $request): RedirectResponse { $name = $request->input('name'); // Store the user... return redirect('/users'); }}
As mentioned, you may also type-hint the Illuminate\Http\Request
class on a route closure. The service container will automatically inject the incoming request into the closure when it is executed:
use Illuminate\Http\Request; Route::get('/', function (Request $request) { // ...});
Dependency Injection and Route Parameters
If your controller method is also expecting input from a route parameter you should list your route parameters after your other dependencies. For example, if your route is defined like so:
use App\Http\Controllers\UserController; Route::put('/user/{id}', [UserController::class, 'update']);
You may still type-hint the Illuminate\Http\Request
and access your id
route parameter by defining your controller method as follows:
<?php namespace App\Http\Controllers; use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;use Illuminate\Http\Request; class UserController extends Controller{ /** * Update the specified user. */ public function update(Request $request, string $id): RedirectResponse { // Update the user... return redirect('/users'); }}
Request Path, Host, and Method
The Illuminate\Http\Request
instance provides a variety of methods for examining the incoming HTTP request and extends the Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request
class. We will discuss a few of the most important methods below.
Retrieving the Request Path
The path
method returns the request's path information. So, if the incoming request is targeted at http://example.com/foo/bar
, the path
method will return foo/bar
:
$uri = $request->path();
Inspecting the Request Path / Route
The is
method allows you to verify that the incoming request path matches a given pattern. You may use the *
character as a wildcard when utilizing this method:
if ($request->is('admin/*')) { // ...}
Using the routeIs
method, you may determine if the incoming request has matched a named route:
if ($request->routeIs('admin.*')) { // ...}
Retrieving the Request URL
To retrieve the full URL for the incoming request you may use the url
or fullUrl
methods. The url
method will return the URL without the query string, while the fullUrl
method includes the query string:
$url = $request->url(); $urlWithQueryString = $request->fullUrl();
If you would like to append query string data to the current URL, you may call the fullUrlWithQuery
method. This method merges the given array of query string variables with the current query string:
$request->fullUrlWithQuery(['type' => 'phone']);
If you would like to get the current URL without a given query string parameter, you may utilize the fullUrlWithoutQuery
method:
$request->fullUrlWithoutQuery(['type']);
Retrieving the Request Host
You may retrieve the "host" of the incoming request via the host
, httpHost
, and schemeAndHttpHost
methods:
$request->host();$request->httpHost();$request->schemeAndHttpHost();
Retrieving the Request Method
The method
method will return the HTTP verb for the request. You may use the isMethod
method to verify that the HTTP verb matches a given string:
$method = $request->method(); if ($request->isMethod('post')) { // ...}
Request Headers
You may retrieve a request header from the Illuminate\Http\Request
instance using the header
method. If the header is not present on the request, null
will be returned. However, the header
method accepts an optional second argument that will be returned if the header is not present on the request:
$value = $request->header('X-Header-Name'); $value = $request->header('X-Header-Name', 'default');
The hasHeader
method may be used to determine if the request contains a given header:
if ($request->hasHeader('X-Header-Name')) { // ...}
For convenience, the bearerToken
method may be used to retrieve a bearer token from the Authorization
header. If no such header is present, an empty string will be returned:
$token = $request->bearerToken();
Request IP Address
The ip
method may be used to retrieve the IP address of the client that made the request to your application:
$ipAddress = $request->ip();
If you would like to retrieve an array of IP addresses, including all of the client IP addresses that were forwarded by proxies, you may use the ips
method. The "original" client IP address will be at the end of the array:
$ipAddresses = $request->ips();
In general, IP addresses should be considered untrusted, user-controlled input and be used for informational purposes only.
Content Negotiation
Laravel provides several methods for inspecting the incoming request's requested content types via the Accept
header. First, the getAcceptableContentTypes
method will return an array containing all of the content types accepted by the request:
$contentTypes = $request->getAcceptableContentTypes();
The accepts
method accepts an array of content types and returns true
if any of the content types are accepted by the request. Otherwise, false
will be returned:
if ($request->accepts(['text/html', 'application/json'])) { // ...}
You may use the prefers
method to determine which content type out of a given array of content types is most preferred by the request. If none of the provided content types are accepted by the request, null
will be returned:
$preferred = $request->prefers(['text/html', 'application/json']);
Since many applications only serve HTML or JSON, you may use the expectsJson
method to quickly determine if the incoming request expects a JSON response:
if ($request->expectsJson()) { // ...}
PSR-7 Requests
The PSR-7 standard specifies interfaces for HTTP messages, including requests and responses. If you would like to obtain an instance of a PSR-7 request instead of a Laravel request, you will first need to install a few libraries. Laravel uses the Symfony HTTP Message Bridge component to convert typical Laravel requests and responses into PSR-7 compatible implementations:
composer require symfony/psr-http-message-bridgecomposer require nyholm/psr7
Once you have installed these libraries, you may obtain a PSR-7 request by type-hinting the request interface on your route closure or controller method:
use Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface; Route::get('/', function (ServerRequestInterface $request) { // ...});
If you return a PSR-7 response instance from a route or controller, it will automatically be converted back to a Laravel response instance and be displayed by the framework.
Input
Retrieving Input
Retrieving All Input Data
You may retrieve all of the incoming request's input data as an array
using the all
method. This method may be used regardless of whether the incoming request is from an HTML form or is an XHR request:
$input = $request->all();
Using the collect
method, you may retrieve all of the incoming request's input data as a collection:
$input = $request->collect();
The collect
method also allows you to retrieve a subset of the incoming request's input as a collection:
$request->collect('users')->each(function (string $user) { // ...});
Retrieving an Input Value
Using a few simple methods, you may access all of the user input from your Illuminate\Http\Request
instance without worrying about which HTTP verb was used for the request. Regardless of the HTTP verb, the input
method may be used to retrieve user input:
$name = $request->input('name');
You may pass a default value as the second argument to the input
method. This value will be returned if the requested input value is not present on the request:
$name = $request->input('name', 'Sally');
When working with forms that contain array inputs, use "dot" notation to access the arrays:
$name = $request->input('products.0.name'); $names = $request->input('products.*.name');
You may call the input
method without any arguments in order to retrieve all of the input values as an associative array:
$input = $request->input();
Retrieving Input From the Query String
While the input
method retrieves values from the entire request payload (including the query string), the query
method will only retrieve values from the query string:
$name = $request->query('name');
If the requested query string value data is not present, the second argument to this method will be returned:
$name = $request->query('name', 'Helen');
You may call the query
method without any arguments in order to retrieve all of the query string values as an associative array:
$query = $request->query();
Retrieving JSON Input Values
When sending JSON requests to your application, you may access the JSON data via the input
method as long as the Content-Type
header of the request is properly set to application/json
. You may even use "dot" syntax to retrieve values that are nested within JSON arrays / objects:
$name = $request->input('user.name');
Retrieving Stringable Input Values
Instead of retrieving the request's input data as a primitive string
, you may use the string
method to retrieve the request data as an instance of Illuminate\Support\Stringable
:
$name = $request->string('name')->trim();
Retrieving Integer Input Values
To retrieve input values as integers, you may use the integer
method. This method will attempt to cast the input value to an integer. If the input is not present or the cast fails, it will return the default value you specify. This is particularly useful for pagination or other numeric inputs:
$perPage = $request->integer('per_page');
Retrieving Boolean Input Values
When dealing with HTML elements like checkboxes, your application may receive "truthy" values that are actually strings. For example, "true" or "on". For convenience, you may use the boolean
method to retrieve these values as booleans. The boolean
method returns true
for 1, "1", true, "true", "on", and "yes". All other values will return false
:
$archived = $request->boolean('archived');
Retrieving Date Input Values
For convenience, input values containing dates / times may be retrieved as Carbon instances using the date
method. If the request does not contain an input value with the given name, null
will be returned:
$birthday = $request->date('birthday');
The second and third arguments accepted by the date
method may be used to specify the date's format and timezone, respectively:
$elapsed = $request->date('elapsed', '!H:i', 'Europe/Madrid');
If the input value is present but has an invalid format, an InvalidArgumentException
will be thrown; therefore, it is recommended that you validate the input before invoking the date
method.
Retrieving Enum Input Values
Input values that correspond to PHP enums may also be retrieved from the request. If the request does not contain an input value with the given name or the enum does not have a backing value that matches the input value, null
will be returned. The enum
method accepts the name of the input value and the enum class as its first and second arguments:
use App\Enums\Status; $status = $request->enum('status', Status::class);
Retrieving Input via Dynamic Properties
You may also access user input using dynamic properties on the Illuminate\Http\Request
instance. For example, if one of your application's forms contains a name
field, you may access the value of the field like so:
$name = $request->name;
When using dynamic properties, Laravel will first look for the parameter's value in the request payload. If it is not present, Laravel will search for the field in the matched route's parameters.
Retrieving a Portion of the Input Data
If you need to retrieve a subset of the input data, you may use the only
and except
methods. Both of these methods accept a single array
or a dynamic list of arguments:
$input = $request->only(['username', 'password']); $input = $request->only('username', 'password'); $input = $request->except(['credit_card']); $input = $request->except('credit_card');
The only
method returns all of the key / value pairs that you request; however, it will not return key / value pairs that are not present on the request.
Input Presence
You may use the has
method to determine if a value is present on the request. The has
method returns true
if the value is present on the request:
if ($request->has('name')) { // ...}
When given an array, the has
method will determine if all of the specified values are present:
if ($request->has(['name', 'email'])) { // ...}
The hasAny
method returns true
if any of the specified values are present:
if ($request->hasAny(['name', 'email'])) { // ...}
The whenHas
method will execute the given closure if a value is present on the request:
$request->whenHas('name', function (string $input) { // ...});
A second closure may be passed to the whenHas
method that will be executed if the specified value is not present on the request:
$request->whenHas('name', function (string $input) { // The "name" value is present...}, function () { // The "name" value is not present...});
If you would like to determine if a value is present on the request and is not an empty string, you may use the filled
method:
if ($request->filled('name')) { // ...}
If you would like to determine if a value is missing from the request or is an empty string, you may use the isNotFilled
method:
if ($request->isNotFilled('name')) { // ...}
When given an array, the isNotFilled
method will determine if all of the specified values are missing or empty:
if ($request->isNotFilled(['name', 'email'])) { // ...}
The anyFilled
method returns true
if any of the specified values is not an empty string:
if ($request->anyFilled(['name', 'email'])) { // ...}
The whenFilled
method will execute the given closure if a value is present on the request and is not an empty string:
$request->whenFilled('name', function (string $input) { // ...});
A second closure may be passed to the whenFilled
method that will be executed if the specified value is not "filled":
$request->whenFilled('name', function (string $input) { // The "name" value is filled...}, function () { // The "name" value is not filled...});
To determine if a given key is absent from the request, you may use the missing
and whenMissing
methods:
if ($request->missing('name')) { // ...} $request->whenMissing('name', function () { // The "name" value is missing...}, function () { // The "name" value is present...});
Merging Additional Input
Sometimes you may need to manually merge additional input into the request's existing input data. To accomplish this, you may use the merge
method. If a given input key already exists on the request, it will be overwritten by the data provided to the merge
method:
$request->merge(['votes' => 0]);
The mergeIfMissing
method may be used to merge input into the request if the corresponding keys do not already exist within the request's input data:
$request->mergeIfMissing(['votes' => 0]);
Old Input
Laravel allows you to keep input from one request during the next request. This feature is particularly useful for re-populating forms after detecting validation errors. However, if you are using Laravel's included validation features, it is possible that you will not need to manually use these session input flashing methods directly, as some of Laravel's built-in validation facilities will call them automatically.
Flashing Input to the Session
The flash
method on the Illuminate\Http\Request
class will flash the current input to the session so that it is available during the user's next request to the application:
$request->flash();
You may also use the flashOnly
and flashExcept
methods to flash a subset of the request data to the session. These methods are useful for keeping sensitive information such as passwords out of the session:
$request->flashOnly(['username', 'email']); $request->flashExcept('password');
Flashing Input Then Redirecting
Since you often will want to flash input to the session and then redirect to the previous page, you may easily chain input flashing onto a redirect using the withInput
method:
return redirect('/form')->withInput(); return redirect()->route('user.create')->withInput(); return redirect('/form')->withInput( $request->except('password'));
Retrieving Old Input
To retrieve flashed input from the previous request, invoke the old
method on an instance of Illuminate\Http\Request
. The old
method will pull the previously flashed input data from the session:
$username = $request->old('username');
Laravel also provides a global old
helper. If you are displaying old input within a Blade template, it is more convenient to use the old
helper to repopulate the form. If no old input exists for the given field, null
will be returned:
<input type="text" name="username" value="{{ old('username') }}">
Cookies
Retrieving Cookies From Requests
All cookies created by the Laravel framework are encrypted and signed with an authentication code, meaning they will be considered invalid if they have been changed by the client. To retrieve a cookie value from the request, use the cookie
method on an Illuminate\Http\Request
instance:
$value = $request->cookie('name');
Input Trimming and Normalization
By default, Laravel includes the Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\TrimStrings
and Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\ConvertEmptyStringsToNull
middleware in your application's global middleware stack. These middleware will automatically trim all incoming string fields on the request, as well as convert any empty string fields to null
. This allows you to not have to worry about these normalization concerns in your routes and controllers.
Disabling Input Normalization
If you would like to disable this behavior for all requests, you may remove the two middleware from your application's middleware stack by invoking the $middleware->remove
method in your application's bootstrap/app.php
file:
use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\ConvertEmptyStringsToNull;use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\TrimStrings; ->withMiddleware(function (Middleware $middleware) { $middleware->remove([ ConvertEmptyStringsToNull::class, TrimStrings::class, ]);})
If you would like to disable string trimming and empty string conversion for a subset of requests to your application, you may use the trimStrings
and convertEmptyStringsToNull
middleware methods within your application's bootstrap/app.php
file. Both methods accept an array of closures, which should return true
or false
to indicate whether input normalization should be skipped:
->withMiddleware(function (Middleware $middleware) { $middleware->convertEmptyStringsToNull(except: [ fn (Request $request) => $request->is('admin/*'), ]); $middleware->trimStrings(except: [ fn (Request $request) => $request->is('admin/*'), ]);})
Files
Retrieving Uploaded Files
You may retrieve uploaded files from an Illuminate\Http\Request
instance using the file
method or using dynamic properties. The file
method returns an instance of the Illuminate\Http\UploadedFile
class, which extends the PHP SplFileInfo
class and provides a variety of methods for interacting with the file:
$file = $request->file('photo'); $file = $request->photo;
You may determine if a file is present on the request using the hasFile
method:
if ($request->hasFile('photo')) { // ...}
Validating Successful Uploads
In addition to checking if the file is present, you may verify that there were no problems uploading the file via the isValid
method:
if ($request->file('photo')->isValid()) { // ...}
File Paths and Extensions
The UploadedFile
class also contains methods for accessing the file's fully-qualified path and its extension. The extension
method will attempt to guess the file's extension based on its contents. This extension may be different from the extension that was supplied by the client:
$path = $request->photo->path(); $extension = $request->photo->extension();
Other File Methods
There are a variety of other methods available on UploadedFile
instances. Check out the API documentation for the class for more information regarding these methods.
Storing Uploaded Files
To store an uploaded file, you will typically use one of your configured filesystems. The UploadedFile
class has a store
method that will move an uploaded file to one of your disks, which may be a location on your local filesystem or a cloud storage location like Amazon S3.
The store
method accepts the path where the file should be stored relative to the filesystem's configured root directory. This path should not contain a filename, since a unique ID will automatically be generated to serve as the filename.
The store
method also accepts an optional second argument for the name of the disk that should be used to store the file. The method will return the path of the file relative to the disk's root:
$path = $request->photo->store('images'); $path = $request->photo->store('images', 's3');
If you do not want a filename to be automatically generated, you may use the storeAs
method, which accepts the path, filename, and disk name as its arguments:
$path = $request->photo->storeAs('images', 'filename.jpg'); $path = $request->photo->storeAs('images', 'filename.jpg', 's3');
For more information about file storage in Laravel, check out the complete file storage documentation.
Configuring Trusted Proxies
When running your applications behind a load balancer that terminates TLS / SSL certificates, you may notice your application sometimes does not generate HTTPS links when using the url
helper. Typically this is because your application is being forwarded traffic from your load balancer on port 80 and does not know it should generate secure links.
To solve this, you may enable the Illuminate\Http\Middleware\TrustProxies
middleware that is included in your Laravel application, which allows you to quickly customize the load balancers or proxies that should be trusted by your application. Your trusted proxies should be specified using the trustProxies
middleware method in your application's bootstrap/app.php
file:
->withMiddleware(function (Middleware $middleware) { $middleware->trustProxies(at: [ '192.168.1.1', '10.0.0.0/8', ]);})
In addition to configuring the trusted proxies, you may also configure the proxy headers that should be trusted:
->withMiddleware(function (Middleware $middleware) { $middleware->trustProxies(headers: Request::HEADER_X_FORWARDED_FOR | Request::HEADER_X_FORWARDED_HOST | Request::HEADER_X_FORWARDED_PORT | Request::HEADER_X_FORWARDED_PROTO | Request::HEADER_X_FORWARDED_AWS_ELB );})
If you are using AWS Elastic Load Balancing, the headers
value should be Request::HEADER_X_FORWARDED_AWS_ELB
. If your load balancer uses the standard Forwarded
header from RFC 7239, the headers
value should be Request::HEADER_FORWARDED
. For more information on the constants that may be used in the headers
value, check out Symfony's documentation on trusting proxies.
Trusting All Proxies
If you are using Amazon AWS or another "cloud" load balancer provider, you may not know the IP addresses of your actual balancers. In this case, you may use *
to trust all proxies:
->withMiddleware(function (Middleware $middleware) { $middleware->trustProxies(at: '*');})
Configuring Trusted Hosts
By default, Laravel will respond to all requests it receives regardless of the content of the HTTP request's Host
header. In addition, the Host
header's value will be used when generating absolute URLs to your application during a web request.
Typically, you should configure your web server, such as Nginx or Apache, to only send requests to your application that match a given hostname. However, if you do not have the ability to customize your web server directly and need to instruct Laravel to only respond to certain hostnames, you may do so by enabling the Illuminate\Http\Middleware\TrustHosts
middleware for your application.
To enable the TrustHosts
middleware, you should invoke the trustHosts
middleware method in your application's bootstrap/app.php
file. Using the at
argument of this method, you may specify the hostnames that your application should respond to. Incoming requests with other Host
headers will be rejected:
->withMiddleware(function (Middleware $middleware) { $middleware->trustHosts(at: ['laravel.test']);})
By default, requests coming from subdomains of the application's URL are also automatically trusted. If you would like to disable this behavior, you may use the subdomains
argument:
->withMiddleware(function (Middleware $middleware) { $middleware->trustHosts(at: ['laravel.test'], subdomains: false);})
If you need to access your application's configuration files or database to determine your trusted hosts, you may provide a closure to the at
argument:
->withMiddleware(function (Middleware $middleware) { $middleware->trustHosts(at: fn () => config('app.trusted_hosts'));})